​INTRODUCTION
 
Purpose
 
This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics contains general guidelines for conducting SpineCraft LLC’s (“SpineCraft’s”) business consistent with the highest standards of business ethics, and is intended to qualify as a “code of ethics” within the meaning of Section 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder, and as a “code of conduct” as recommended for corporate compliance programs by the Federal Sentencing Commission and U.S.H.H.S. Office of Inspector General. This Code is not meant to replace specific guidance or rules set forth in SpineCraft’s policies and procedures or through SpineCraft’s Code of Business and Ethics Compliance Program. SpineCraft personnel are required to review and adhere to such other policies. To the extent this Code and other SpineCraft policies and procedures require a higher standard than required by commercial practice or applicable laws, rules or regulations, we adhere to these higher standards.
 
This Code applies to all of our Board of Mangers’ members, directors, officers, employees and agents, wherever they are located and whether or not they work for SpineCraft on a fulltime basis. We refer to all persons covered by this Code as “SpineCraft covered persons” or simply “covered persons.” We also refer to our chief executive officer and our directors as our “principal officers.”
 
Seeking Help and Information
 
This Code is not intended to be a comprehensive rulebook and cannot address every situation that you may face. If you encounter a difficult business decision that is not addressed in this Code, consult SpineCraft’s policies and procedures, including but not limited to those promulgated through the SpineCraft Compliance Program, or contact your supervisor or SpineCraft’s Compliance Officer.
 
Apart from offering specific guidance through its policies and procedures, SpineCraft encourages its covered persons to learn to apply the following framework to everything they do in the course of their employment: 
 
• Is it legal?
• Is it honest and fair?
• Is it in SpineCraft’s best interests?
• How does this make me feel about myself and SpineCraft?
• Would I feel comfortable if an account of my actions were published with my name in the newspaper?
 
If you feel uncomfortable about a situation or have any doubts about whether it is consistent with SpineCraft’s high ethical standards, please report your concern to your supervisor, SpineCraft’s Compliance Officer. 
 
Reporting Violations of the Code and Other Compliance Concerns
 
All covered persons have a duty to report any known or suspected violation of this Code, including any violation of laws, rules, regulations or policies that apply to SpineCraft. Reporting a known or suspected violation of this Code will not be considered an act of disloyalty, but rather an action to safeguard SpineCraft’s reputation and integrity, and the reputation and integrity of its covered persons. You are free to choose how to report or seek help regarding any compliance concern – there is no required order of reporting, although it may be helpful to start with your supervisor since he or she may be aware of additional facts that quickly could address your concern.
 
 
If you know of or suspect a violation of this Code or other compliance concern, it is best to immediately report the conduct or concern to your supervisor. If your supervisor cannot answer your question or if you do not feel comfortable contacting your supervisor, you may report the concern directly to SpineCraft’s Compliance Officer.
 
SpineCraft’s Compliance Officer investigates reported compliance concerns and assists with any necessary remediation. In some cases, compliance investigations may be conducted under the direction of outside counsel to provide additional resources that may be required and to establish privilege and confidentiality.
 
Disciplinary Consequences of Non-Compliance
 
SpineCraft expects all covered persons to comply with this Code, as well as with all laws, regulations, rules, and established guidelines governing our business. Covered persons who violate this Code or other SpineCraft policies and procedures will be subject to appropriate discipline, including potential termination of employment, as determined in accordance with SpineCraft’s employment policies as applied to the facts and circumstances of each particular situation. An employee accused of violating this Code will be given an opportunity to present his or her version of the events at issue to SpineCraft’s Compliance Officer prior to the implementation of appropriate discipline. 
 
Any employee who fails to report known or suspected violations by another employee may also be subject to appropriate discipline. Medical device companies are subject to many laws that can carry substantial civil and/or, criminal fines and penalties – both for individual covered persons as well as for the corporation itself. Therefore, your conduct as a SpineCraft employee and your vigilance and diligence with regard to compliance are critical to you and your reputation and well as to SpineCraft and our Company’s reputation in the business community.
 
Confidentiality and Policy Against Retaliation
 
All questions and reports of known or suspected violations of the law or this Code will be treated with sensitivity and discretion. SpineCraft will protect your confidentiality to the extent possible consistent with the law and SpineCraft’s need to investigate your concern. SpineCraft strictly prohibits retaliation against an employee who, in good faith, seeks help or reports known or suspected violations. Any reprisal or retaliation against an employee because the employee, in good faith, sought help or filed a report will be subject to disciplinary action, including potential termination of employment. In this context, “good faith” simply requires you to act on your awareness of facts (not fabricated) and without intent to cause harm.
 
 
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
 
Identifying Conflicts of Interest
 
A conflict of interest occurs when an employee’s private interest interferes, or appears to interfere, in any way with SpineCraft’s interests as a whole. You should actively avoid any private interest that may influence your ability to act in SpineCraft’s interests or that makes it difficult to perform your work objectively and effectively. It is difficult to list all of the ways in which a conflict of interest may arise. However, the following situations are cases of conflict of interest:

• Outside Employment. SpineCraft expects all covered persons to devote their full time and attention to SpineCraft activities. Therefore, no employee may be employed by, serve as a director of, or provide any services to a company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor without the prior approval of the Compliance Officer.
• Improper Personal Benefits. No employee may obtain improper personal benefits or favors because of his or her position with SpineCraft. Please see “Gifts and Entertainment” below for additional guidelines in this area.
• Financial Interests. No employee may have a significant financial interest (ownership or otherwise) in any company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor. A “significant financial interest” means (i) ownership of greater than 1% of the equity of a customer, supplier or competitor or (ii) an investment in a customer, supplier or competitor that represents more than 5% of the total assets of the employee.
• Loans or Other Financial Transactions. No employee may obtain loans or guarantees of personal obligations from or enter into any other personal financial transaction with any company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor. This guideline does not prohibit arms-length transactions with recognized banks or other financial institutions.
• Service on Boards and Committees. No employee should serve on a board of directors or trustees or on a committee of any entity (whether profit or not-for-profit) whose interests reasonably could be expected to conflict with SpineCraft’s interests. Covered persons must obtain prior approval from the Compliance Officer before accepting any such board or committee position. SpineCraft may revisit its approval of any such position at any time to determine whether service in such position is still appropriate.

 
An employee may engage in other outside work with the approval of his or her manager. Under no circumstances may outside employment by any employee lessen his or her efficiency, alertness, interest, or productivity.
 
Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
 
SpineCraft requires that covered persons fully disclose any situations that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest. If you suspect that you have a conflict of interest, or something that others could reasonably perceive as a conflict of interest, you must report it immediately to the Compliance Officer. While such situations are not automatically prohibited, they are not desirable and may only be waived by a SpineCraft executive officer at the request and with the concurrence of the Compliance Officer.
 
Conflicts of interest of our directors, executive officers or other principal officers may only be waived by our Board of Directors (or the appropriate committee of our Board of Directors) and will be promptly disclosed to the public.
 
Family Members and Work
 
The actions of family members outside the workplace may also give rise to conflicts of interest because they may influence an employee’s objectivity in making decisions on SpineCraft’s behalf. For example, it is a conflict of interest if a family member is employed by, or has a significant financial interest in, a company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor. It is also a conflict of interest if a family member obtains loans or guarantees of personal obligations from, or enters into any other personal financial transaction with, any company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor. Similarly, receipt of improper personal benefits or favors by family members creates a conflict of interest. 
 
Covered persons should report to a supervisor any situation involving family members that reasonably could be expected to give rise to a conflict of interest. Your supervisor will contact the Compliance Officer to discuss appropriate measures, if any, that should be taken to mitigate the potential conflict of interest. If a member of your family is an employee of, or has a significant financial interest in, a company that is a SpineCraft customer, supplier or competitor, you will be prohibited from participating in business decisions with respect to such company.
 
It is also inappropriate for you to discuss SpineCraft’s confidential information with members of your family that have such conflicting interests. For purposes of this Code, “family members” or “members of your family” include your spouse or life-partner, brothers, sisters and parents (natural or adopted), in-laws and children.
 
EMPLOYEE OBLIGATIONS
 
All SpineCraft covered persons will:

• Provide information that is accurate, complete, objective, relevant, timely, and understandable.
• Act in good faith, responsibly, with due care, competence and diligence, without misrepresenting material facts or allowing one’s independent judgment to be subordinated.
• Share knowledge and maintain skills important and relevant to constituents’ needs.
• Respect the confidentiality of information acquired in the course of one’s work except when authorized or otherwise legally obligated to disclose. Confidential information acquired in the course of one’s work will not be used for personal advantage.

 
 
CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES
 
As a SpineCraft employee, you have an obligation to put SpineCraft’s interests ahead of your personal interests and to advance SpineCraft’s interests when the opportunity to do so arises. If you discover a business opportunity that is in SpineCraft’s line of business, you must first present the business opportunity to SpineCraft before pursuing the opportunity in your individual capacity. No employee may use corporate property, information, or his or her position for personal gain, and no employee may compete with SpineCraft either directly or indirectly. 
 
SpineCraft requires that you fully disclose to your supervisor the terms and conditions of each business opportunity covered by this Code that you wish to pursue. Your supervisor will contact the Compliance Officer and the appropriate management personnel to determine whether SpineCraft wishes to pursue the business opportunity. If SpineCraft waives its right to pursue the business opportunity, which must be authorized by an executive officer of SpineCraft with the concurrence of the Compliance Officer, you may pursue the business opportunity on the same terms and conditions offered to SpineCraft and consistent with the other ethical guidelines set forth in SpineCraft’s policies and procedures, and this Code. Business opportunities available to directors, executive officers and other principal officers may only be waived by our Board of Directors or the appropriate committee of our Board of Directors and will be promptly disclosed to the public.
 
 
CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
 
Covered persons have access to a variety of confidential information while employed at SpineCraft. Covered persons should not use information obtained as a result of their employment for personal gain. Confidential information includes all non-public information that might be of use to investors in making a decision to buy, hold or sell SpineCraft’s securities, or to competitors, or harmful to the company or its customers, if disclosed. Covered persons have a duty to safeguard all confidential information, except when disclosure is authorized or legally mandated. An employee’s obligation to protect confidential information continues after an employee leaves SpineCraft.
 
Unauthorized disclosure of confidential information could cause competitive harm to SpineCraft and could result in legal liability to you and SpineCraft. When discussing or in possession of confidential information, covered persons should always be aware of their surroundings. Covered persons should not discuss SpineCraft business in the presence of covered persons or others who do not have a right or need to know. Covered persons should be particularly careful in public places, including restaurants, airplanes, commuter trains and public pay phones. Any outside requests for SpineCraft information should only be handled by authorized persons.
 
Any question or concern regarding whether disclosure of SpineCraft information is legally mandated should be promptly referred to the Compliance Officer.
 
As a result of SpineCraft’s business relationships with customers, suppliers and others, SpineCraft covered persons may also have access to and be entrusted with confidential information of other companies. In these cases, other companies’ confidential information must be afforded the same protection as SpineCraft’s confidential information.
 
 
COMPETITION AND FAIR DEALING
 
SpineCraft competes vigorously but fairly. All covered persons are obligated to deal fairly with SpineCraft’s customers, suppliers and competitors. Covered persons will not take unfair advantage of anyone through manipulation, concealment, abuse of privileged information, misrepresentation or any other unfair-dealing practice. SpineCraft will not authorize any customer, distributor, supplier, or agent to perform any act that is prohibited by this policy.
 
Relationships with Customers 
 
Our business success depends upon our ability to foster lasting customer relationships, including relationships with Health Care Professionals (“HCPs”).1 Trust is the cornerstone of these relationships. To build trust, SpineCraft is committed to dealing with customers fairly, honestly and with integrity. Specifically, you should keep the following guidelines in mind when dealing with customers:

• Information we supply to customers should be current, accurate, and complete to the best of our knowledge. Covered persons should never deliberately misrepresent information to customers.
• Covered persons should not refuse to sell, service or maintain products SpineCraft has produced simply because a customer is buying products from another supplier.
• Covered persons should never provide HCP customers with entertainment or other benefits that could be viewed as an inducement to or a reward for customer purchase decisions. It is never appropriate for covered persons to provide or pay for entertainment for non-employee Health Care Providers. Such prohibition applies to, for example, theater, sporting events, golf, skiing, or leisure trips. Please see “Gifts and Entertainment” below for additional guidelines in this area.
• Any special terms of a sale that are different from, or in addition to, the terms of a standard purchase order must be in writing and be submitted at the same time (or before) the order is placed by the customer to SpineCraft. Such special terms must be approved in writing by the Compliance Officer.

 
 
Relationships with Distributors
 
SpineCraft will not give special discounts, other than normal trade discounts, to distributors without prior approval by the Compliance Officer and – when appropriate or required by other SpineCraft policies – the Board of Managers.
 
Relationships with Suppliers
 
SpineCraft deals fairly and honestly with its suppliers. This means that our relationships with suppliers are based on price, quality, service and reputation. Covered persons dealing with suppliers must carefully guard their objectivity. Specifically, no employee should accept or solicit any personal benefit from a supplier or potential supplier that might compromise, or appear to compromise, their objective assessment of the supplier’s products and prices. Covered persons can give or accept promotional items of nominal value or moderately scaled entertainment within the limits of responsible and customary business practice. If any supplier is also a HCP, defined above, it is inappropriate and disallowed to ever provide or give the supplier entertainment, even of nominal value. Please see the applicable SpineCraft Compliance Program policies and procedures and “Gifts and Entertainment” below for additional guidelines in this area.
 
1 “Health Care Professionals” is defined according to the AdvaMed Code of Ethics on Interactions with Health Care Professionals (2009 rev.), and means “those individuals or entities involved in the provision of health care services and/or items to patients, which purchase, lease, recommend, use, arrange for the purchase or lease of, or prescribe SpineCraft’s products.” This includes all health care practitioners (for example, physicians and their staff, nurses, and other practitioners) and all covered persons of facilities that may use or purchase our products.
 
Relationships with Competitors
 
SpineCraft is committed to free and open competition in the marketplace and throughout all business dealings. Covered persons must avoid all actions that reasonably could be construed as being anti-competitive, monopolistic or otherwise contrary to laws governing competitive practices in the marketplace, including federal and state antitrust laws. This includes misappropriation and/or misuse of a competitor’s confidential information, tampering with a competitor’s products or making false statements about the competitor’s business and business practices. For a further discussion of appropriate and inappropriate business conduct with competitors, see the applicable SpineCraft Compliance Program policies and procedures and “Compliance with Antitrust Laws” below.
 
 
GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
 
The giving and receiving of gifts is a common business practice. Appropriate business gifts and entertainment are welcome courtesies designed to build relationships and understanding among business partners. However, gifts and entertainment should never compromise, or appear to compromise, your ability to make objective and fair business decisions. Consequently, it is inappropriate and prohibited to give any gift, entertainment or recreational item to HCPs at any time, regardless of the item’s value. 
 
It is your responsibility to use good judgment in this area. As a general rule, you may give or receive gifts or entertainment to or from customers (who are not HCP’s) or suppliers only if the gift or entertainment could not be viewed as an inducement to or reward for any particular business decision. It is inappropriate and prohibited to give any gift or recreational item to HCPs at any time, regardless of the item’s value. All gifts and entertainment expenses must be properly accounted for on expense reports
 
The following specific examples may be helpful:

• Meals and Entertainment given to or received from non-HCPs. You may occasionally accept or give meals, refreshments or other entertainment from or to non-HCPs if:
  1. The items are of reasonable value;
  2. The purpose of the meeting or attendance at the event is business related; and,
  3. The expenses would be paid by SpineCraft as a reasonable business expense if not paid for by another party.
• Meals and Entertainment provided to HCPs. While it is never appropriate and always prohibited to provide entertainment or gifts to HCPs, there are certain circumstances, discussed more fully in the SpineCraft’s Code of Conduct for Interactions with Health Care Professionals, in which an employee may provide modest meals to HCPs. Briefly, modest meals may be provided:
  1. Incidental to bona fide presentation of scientific, educational or business information (which includes substantial discussion of product development, product improvement, pricing or contract negotiation), not intended to thank an HCP for past business or to invite future business, and not as part of an entertainment or recreational event;
  2. Offered in a setting conducive to the appropriate presentation described above, including at the HCP’s site; and,
  3. Only provided to HCPs who actually attend (no meals for office staff where everyone does not attend nor any other person without a bona fide professional interest in the information).
  4. Entertainment of reasonable value may include food and tickets for sporting and cultural events if they are generally offered to other non-HCP customers, suppliers or vendors.

• Advertising and Promotional Materials. You may occasionally accept or give advertising or promotional materials of nominal value, but never to HCPs. Educational items of modest value (less than $100 fair market value) may be given to HCPs if the items serve a genuine educational function and benefit patients. (This includes starter kits and educational brochures, but not medical or office supplies.)Non-educational, branded promotional items may never be provided to HCPs, no matter what their value. (This prohibition includes coffee mugs, note-pads and pens.)
• Personal Gifts. You may accept or give to a non-HCP customer or vendor personal gifts of reasonable value that are related to recognized special occasions such as a graduation, promotion, new job, wedding, retirement or a holiday. A gift is also acceptable if it is based on a family or personal relationship and unrelated to the business involved between the individuals. You may never give such gifts or items to HCPs, office staff or HCPs’ families or friends.
• Gifts Rewarding Service or Accomplishment. You may accept a gift from a civic, charitable or religious organization specifically related to your service or accomplishment.

 
If you conduct business in other countries, you must be particularly careful that gifts and entertainment are not construed as bribes, kickbacks or other improper payments. See SpineCraft’s Compliance Policy: “The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and Other Laws Governing Our Business Internationally” for a more detailed discussion of our rules regarding giving or receiving gifts related to business transactions in other countries.
 
You must refuse to give or accept (and must return or request return of) any gift that is beyond these permissible guidelines. If it would be inappropriate to refuse a gift or you are unable to return a gift, you should promptly report the gift to the Compliance Officer. You must avoid such situations involving HCPs by never giving or receiving any gift to or from a HCP.
 
If you have any questions about whether it is permissible to give or accept a gift or something else of value, contact the Compliance Officer, and reference the applicable SpineCraft Compliance Program policies and procedures for additional guidance.
 
Note: Gifts and entertainment may not be offered or exchanged under any circumstances to or with any covered persons of the U.S., state or local governments. If you have any questions about this policy, contact your supervisor or the Compliance Officer, and reference the applicable SpineCraft Corporate Compliance Program policies and procedures for additional guidance. For a more detailed discussion of special considerations applicable to dealing with the U.S., state and local governments, see the following section.
 
 
INTERACTIONS WITH THE GOVERNMENT
 
SpineCraft conducts business with the U.S., state and local governments, and the governments of other countries. SpineCraft is committed to conducting its business with all governments and their representatives with the highest standards of business ethics and in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, including the special requirements that apply to government contracts and government transactions. In your interactions with the government, you should:

• Be forthright and candid at all times. No employee should ever misstate or omit any material information from any written or oral communication with the government.
• Exercise extreme care in maintaining records for and allocating costs to government contracts. Costs incurred on one government project must never be charged against another government project.
• Never offer or exchange any gifts, gratuities or favors, or pay for meals, entertainment, travel or other similar expenses for government covered persons.

 
If your job responsibilities include interacting with the government, you are expected to understand and comply with the special laws, rules and regulations that apply to your job position. If any doubt exists about whether a course of action is lawful, you should seek advice immediately from your supervisor and the Compliance Officer. You should also refer to applicable SpineCraft policies and procedures.
 
 
PROTECTION AND USE OF COMPANY ASSETS
 
All covered persons should protect SpineCraft’s assets and ensure their efficient use for legitimate business purposes only. Theft, carelessness and waste have a direct impact on SpineCraft’s profitability. The use of SpineCraft funds or assets for any unlawful or improper purpose is strictly prohibited.
To ensure the protection and proper use of SpineCraft’s assets, each employee should:

• Exercise reasonable care to prevent theft, damage or misuse of SpineCraft property.
• Promptly report the actual or suspected theft, damage or misuse of SpineCraft property to a supervisor.
• Use SpineCraft’s voicemail, other electronic communication services or written materials for business-related purposes only and in a manner that does not reflect negatively on SpineCraft or its customers.
• Safeguard all electronic programs, data, communications and written materials from inadvertent access by others.
• Use SpineCraft property only for legitimate business purposes, as authorized in connection with your job responsibilities.

 
Covered persons should be aware that SpineCraft property includes all data and communications transmitted to or received by, or contained in, SpineCraft’s electronic or telephonic systems, or written media. Covered persons and other users of this property have no expectation of privacy with respect to these communications and data.
 
To the extent permitted by law, SpineCraft has the ability, and reserves the right, to monitor all electronic and telephonic communication. These communications may also be subject to disclosure to law enforcement or government officials. Electronic mail is subject to subpoena and may be used as evidence in regulatory and/or courtroom proceedings.
 
 
COMPANY RECORDS
 
Accurate and reliable records are crucial to our business. Our records are the basis of our earnings statements, financial reports and other disclosures to the public. In addition, our records are the source of essential data that guides business decision-making and strategic planning, as well as ensures the safety of patients who benefit from our products. SpineCraft records include booking information, payroll, travel and expense reports, e-mails, accounting and financial data, clinical records and data, measurement and performance records, electronic data files and all other records maintained in the ordinary course of our business.
 
All SpineCraft records must be complete, accurate and reliable in all material respects. There is never a reason to make false or misleading entries. In addition, undisclosed or unrecorded funds, payments or receipts are strictly prohibited. You are responsible for understanding and complying with our record keeping policy. Ask your supervisor if you have any questions.
 
Note: SpineCraft has a formal document control and retention policies that each employee must follow with respect to SpineCraft records within such employee’s control. Please contact your supervisor, the Director of Regulatory Affairs & QA and/or the Compliance Officer to obtain a copy of this policy.
 
 
ACCURACY OF FINANCIAL REPORTS AND OTHER PUBLIC COMMUNICATIONS
 
SpineCraft’s mission includes significant efforts to promote ethical conduct in the practice of financial management throughout our Company. Senior officers hold an important and elevated role in corporate governance. They are uniquely capable and empowered to ensure that all stakeholders’ interests are appropriately balanced, protected and preserved.
 
Covered persons should be on guard for, and promptly report, evidence of improper financial reporting. Examples of suspicious activities that should be reported include:

• Financial results that seem inconsistent with the performance of underlying business transactions;
• Inaccurate SpineCraft records, such as overstated expense reports, or erroneous time sheets or invoices;
• Transactions that do not seem to have a good business purpose; and,
• Requests to circumvent ordinary review and approval procedures.

 
 
PAYMENT PRACTICES
 
SpineCraft covered persons and agents shall adhere to the legal requirements of each country in which the company conducts business and shall employ the highest ethical standards. No undisclosed or unrecorded company fund or asset shall be established for any purpose, and no false or misleading entries shall be made in the company’s books or records. No payment on the Company’s behalf shall be without adequate support documentation or made for any purpose other than as described in the documents. SpineCraft personnel shall comply with generally accepted accounting principles and company internal control procedures at all times.
 
 
POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS AND ACTIVITIES
 
SpineCraft encourages its covered persons to participate in the political process as individuals and on their own time. However, federal and state contribution and lobbying laws severely limit the contributions SpineCraft can make to political parties or candidates. It is SpineCraft’s policy that SpineCraft funds or assets shall not be used to make a political contribution to any political party or candidate, unless prior approval has been given by the Compliance Officer.
 
The following guidelines are intended to ensure that any political activity you pursue complies with this policy:

• Contribution of Funds. You may contribute your personal funds to political parties or candidates. SpineCraft will not reimburse you for personal political contributions.
• Volunteer Activities. You may participate in volunteer political activities during non-work time. You may not participate in political activities during working hours.
• Use of Company Facilities. SpineCraft’s facilities may not be used for political activities (including fundraisers or other activities related to running for office).
• SpineCraft may make its facilities available for limited political functions, including speeches by government officials and political candidates, with the approval of the Compliance Officer.
• Use of Company Name. When you participate in political affairs, you should be careful to make it clear that your views and actions are your own, and not made on behalf of SpineCraft. For instance, SpineCraft letterhead should not be used to send out personal letters in connection with political activities.

 
These guidelines are intended to ensure that any political activity you pursue is done voluntarily and on your own resources and time. Please contact the Compliance Officer if you have any questions about this policy.
 
 
COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS AND REGULATIONS
 
Each employee has an obligation to comply with the laws of the cities, states and countries in which SpineCraft operates. We will not tolerate any activity that violates any laws, rules or regulations applicable to SpineCraft. This includes, without limitation, laws covering commercial bribery, kickbacks and inducements to Health Care Professionals (HCPs), health care fraud and abuse laws, copyrights, trademarks and trade secrets, information privacy, insider trading, illegal political contributions, antitrust prohibitions, foreign corrupt practices, offering or receiving gratuities, environmental hazards, employment discrimination or harassment, occupational health and safety, false or misleading financial information or misuse of corporate assets. You are expected to understand and comply with all laws, rules and regulations that apply to your job position. If any doubt exists about whether a course of action is lawful, you should seek advice immediately from your supervisor or the Compliance Officer. 
 
COMPLIANCE WITH ANTITRUST LAWS
 
U.S. and other countries’ antitrust laws are designed to protect consumers and competitors against unfair business practices and to promote and preserve competition. Our policy is to compete vigorously and ethically while complying with all antitrust, monopoly, competition or cartel laws in all countries, states or localities in which SpineCraft conducts business.
 
Actions that Violate U.S. Antitrust Laws
 
In general, U.S. antitrust laws forbid agreements or actions “in restraint of trade.” All covered persons should be familiar with the general principles of the U.S. antitrust laws. The following is a summary of actions that are clear violations of U.S. antitrust laws:

• Price Fixing. SpineCraft may not agree with its competitors to raise, lower or stabilize prices or any element of price, including discounts and credit terms. In addition, SpineCraft may not set the prices at which customers resell SpineCraft’s products.
• Limitation of Supply. SpineCraft may not agree with its competitors to limit its production or restrict the supply of its services.
• Allocation of Business. SpineCraft may not agree with its competitors to divide or allocate markets, territories or customers.
• Boycott. SpineCraft may not agree with its competitors to refuse to sell or purchase products from third parties. In addition, SpineCraft may not prevent a customer from purchasing or using non-SpineCraft products or services.
• Tying. SpineCraft may not require a customer to purchase a product that it does not want as a condition to the sale of a different product that the customer does wish to purchase.

 
Meetings with Competitors
 
Covered persons should exercise extreme caution in meetings with competitors. Any meeting with a competitor may give rise to the appearance of impropriety. As a result, if you are required to meet with a competitor for any reason, you must obtain the prior written approval of the Compliance Officer. You should always try to meet with competitors in a closely monitored, controlled environment for a limited period of time. The contents of your meeting should be fully documented. Specifically, you should avoid any communications with a competitor regarding:

• Prices;
• Costs;
• Market share;
• Allocation of sales territories;
• Profits and profit margins;
• Supplier’s terms and conditions;
• Product or service offerings;
• Terms and conditions of sale;
• Production facilities or capabilities;
• Bids for a particular contract or program;
• Selection, retention or quality of customers; or,
• Distribution methods or channels.

 
Professional Organizations and Trade Associations
 
Covered persons should be cautious when attending meetings of professional organizations and trade associations at which competitors are present. Attending meetings of professional organizations and trade associations is both legal and proper provided such meetings have a legitimate business purpose. At such meetings, you must not discuss pricing policy or other competitive terms, plans for new or expanded facilities or any other proprietary, competitively sensitive information.
 
 
Seeking Help
 
Violations of antitrust laws carry severe consequences and may expose SpineCraft and covered persons to substantial civil damages, criminal fines and, in the case of individuals, prison terms. Whenever any doubt exists as to the legality of a particular action or arrangement, it is your responsibility to contact and the Compliance Officer promptly for assistance, approval and review.
 
 
THE FOREIGN CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT AND OTHER LAWS GOVERNING OUR BUSINESS
 
Foreign Corrupt Practices Act
 
The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (the “FCPA”) prohibits SpineCraft and its covered persons and agents from offering or giving money or any other item of value to win or retain business or to influence any act or decision of any governmental official, political party, candidate for political office or official of a public international organization. Stated more concisely, the FCPA prohibits the payment of bribes, kickback or other inducements to foreign officials. This prohibition also extends to payments to a sales representative or agent if there is reason to believe that the payment will be used indirectly for a prohibited payment to foreign officials. Violation of the FCPA is a crime that can result in severe fines and criminal penalties, as well as disciplinary action by SpineCraft, up to and including termination of employment. Certain small facilitation or “grease” payments to foreign officials may be permissible under the FCPA if customary in the country or locality and intended to secure routine governmental action. Governmental action is “routine” if it is ordinarily and commonly performed by a foreign official and does not involve the exercise of discretion. For instance, “routine” functions would include setting up a telephone line or expediting a shipment through customs. To ensure legal compliance, all facilitation payments must receive prior written approval from the Compliance Officer, and must be accurately reported as a business expense.
 
Other Laws Governing our Business
 
SpineCraft’s business is subject to various U.S. and international trade control regulations, including licensing, shipping documentation, import documentation and reporting and record retention requirements. To ensure compliance, all shipments of products must be cleared through the Shipping and Receiving Department of the originating facility or location. This requirement also applies to all samples, products, documents or data that are going to be hand carried during foreign travel. 
 
Covered persons with significant responsibilities in our international business units have an additional responsibility to understand and comply with such applicable laws. These covered persons are expected to have a working knowledge of the laws and regulations applicable to their job positions. Questions and requests for assistance should be directed to the Compliance Officer.
 
SpineCraft is also subject to U.S. anti-boycott laws and regulations, which prevent U.S. companies and certain of their subsidiaries from taking action in support of a boycott imposed by a foreign country upon a nation that is friendly with the United States. Boycott laws often change and must be closely monitored. To ensure compliance, any boycott issue must be referred to the Compliance Officer.
 
 
ENVIRONMENT, HEALTH AND SAFETY
 
SpineCraft is committed to providing a safe and healthy working environment for its covered persons and to avoiding adverse impact and injury to the environment and the communities in which we do business. SpineCraft covered persons must comply with all applicable environmental, health and safety laws, regulations and SpineCraft standards. It is your responsibility to understand and comply with the laws, regulations and policies that are relevant to your job. Failure to comply with environmental, health and safety laws and regulations can result in civil and criminal liability against you and the SpineCraft, as well as disciplinary action by the SpineCraft, up to and including termination of employment. You should contact the Compliance Officer if you have any questions about the laws, regulations and policies that apply to you.
Environment
 
All SpineCraft covered persons should strive to conserve resources and reduce waste and emissions through recycling and other energy conservation measures. You have a responsibility to promptly report any known or suspected violations of environmental laws or any events that may result in a discharge or emission of hazardous materials.
 
Health and Safety
 
Numerous laws and regulations cover employee health and safety. SpineCraft is committed not only to comply with all relevant health and safety laws, but also to conduct business in a manner that protects the safety of its covered persons. All covered persons are required to comply with all applicable health and safety laws, regulations and policies relevant to their jobs. If you have a concern about unsafe conditions or tasks that present a risk of injury to you, please report these concerns immediately to your supervisor or the Compliance Officer.
 
 
CONCLUSION
 
This Code of Business Conduct and Ethics contains general guidelines for conducting SpineCraft’s business consistent with the highest standards of business ethics. It is offered as general guidance in addition to SpineCraft policies and procedures and is not meant to supplant or replace any of those policies or procedures. If you have any questions about these guidelines, please contact the Compliance Officer. We expect all SpineCraft covered persons, regardless of their level or location, to adhere to these standards. Each employee is separately responsible for his or her actions. Conduct that violates the law, this Code and/or SpineCraft policies and procedures cannot be justified by claiming that it was ordered by a supervisor or someone in higher management. If you engage in conduct prohibited by the law, this Code, and/or SpineCraft policies and procedures, you will be deemed to have acted outside the scope of your employment. Such conduct will subject you to disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
 
Note: This Code and the matters contained herein are neither a contract of employment nor a guarantee of continuing SpineCraft employment. SpineCraft reserves the right to amend, supplement or discontinue this Code and the matters addressed herein, without prior notice, at any time.